BALL KNOWLEDGE MEDICS
ABOUT BKM
ICEMA PROTOCOL EXAM ICEMA ADULT/PEDS DRUG QUIZ ICEMA TREATMENT TEST
REMSA 4000 EXAM REMSA DRUG TEST SIMPLE REMSA DRUG TEST HARD
PHARMACOLOGY QUIZ SD PROTOCOL EXAM CA TITLE 22 DRUG QUIZ NREMT PARAMEDIC EXAM HOME MED QUIZ ECG MASTERY QUIZ
ZOLL X SERIES SIM ECG SIMULATOR DRUG CALCULATOR
AIRWAY CARDIOLOGY PHARMACOLOGY OB / PEDS MEDICAL EMERGENCIES PARAMEDIC PEARLS 🧬 PARAMEDIC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 💊 DRUG REFERENCE 🩺 WHY MEDICAL CONDITIONS
EMERGENCY MEDICAL EDUCATION

TRAIN LIKE
LIVES DEPEND
ON IT.

VETERAN OWNED & OPERATED

COMPREHENSIVE STUDY RESOURCES FOR PARAMEDIC STUDENTS AND ALS PROVIDERS. FROM AIRWAY MANAGEMENT TO ADVANCED CARDIAC CARE — ALL FREE.

TAKE AN EXAM BROWSE CURRICULUM
300+
STUDY TOPICS
200+
QUIZ QUESTIONS
8
STUDY TOOLS
PROTOCOL EXAMS

TEST YOUR PROTOCOL KNOWLEDGE

FULL 150-QUESTION EXAMS BUILT FROM ACTUAL RIVERSIDE COUNTY EMS PROTOCOLS. SCENARIO-BASED, WITH INSTANT RATIONALE FEEDBACK AND A FULL ANSWER KEY.

RIVERSIDE COUNTY EMS

REMSA 4000 SERIES EXAM

COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT PROTOCOL EXAM
150
QUESTIONS
8
SECTIONS
40%
SCENARIO QS

BUILT FROM THE COMPLETE REMSA 4000 SERIES TREATMENT PROTOCOLS — 4100 THROUGH 4800. COVERS KEY POLICIES, TRAUMA, CARDIOVASCULAR, NEUROLOGICAL, TOXICOLOGICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND OB/BIRTH EMERGENCIES. EVERY ANSWER CITED TO A SPECIFIC PROTOCOL PAGE.

4100 – KEY POLICIES 4200 – GENERAL MEDICAL 4300 – TRAUMA 4400 – CARDIAC / PULMONARY 4500 – NEUROLOGICAL 4600 – TOXICOLOGICAL 4700 – ENVIRONMENTAL 4800 – PREGNANCY / CHILDBIRTH PEDS VS ADULT BHO / BHPO RAPID REVIEW ANSWER KEY
START EXAM →
RIVERSIDE COUNTY EMS

REMSA DRUG TEST SIMPLE

ALS DRUG PROTOCOL 4105 — SIMPLE STUDY MODE
4105
PROTOCOL
ALS
LEVEL
SIMPLE
MODE

RIVERSIDE COUNTY ALS DRUG PRACTICE BUILT FOR QUICK REVIEW. USE THIS VERSION TO STUDY DRUG INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, DOSING, ROUTES, REPEAT RULES, AND KEY 4105 PROTOCOL DETAILS.

ALS DRUGS PROTOCOL 4105 DOSING ROUTES BHO REQUIREMENTS QUICK REVIEW
START SIMPLE TEST →
RIVERSIDE COUNTY EMS

REMSA DRUG TEST HARD

ALS DRUG DOSAGE QUIZ — HARD MODE
50
QUESTIONS
25
DRUGS
HARD
MODE

ADVANCED RIVERSIDE COUNTY ALS DRUG DOSAGE PRACTICE FOR ADULT AND PEDIATRIC QUESTIONS. USE THIS HARD VERSION TO DRILL DOSE DETAILS, ROUTES, TIMING, MAX DOSES, AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS.

ADULT DOSING PEDIATRIC DOSING MAX DOSES ROUTES TIMING ANSWER KEY
START HARD TEST →
ICEMA

ICEMA PROTOCOL EXAM

COMPREHENSIVE POLICY & PROTOCOL EXAM — EFF. 11/01/25
160
QUESTIONS
7
SECTIONS
ALS
LEVEL

BUILT FROM THE COMPLETE ICEMA POLICY & PROTOCOL MANUAL. COVERS STANDARD ORDERS, TREATMENT PROTOCOLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES, DESTINATION & TRANSPORT, ADMIN POLICIES, AND SPECIALTY PROGRAMS. EVERY ANSWER CITED TO A SPECIFIC PROTOCOL REFERENCE.

STANDARD ORDERS (11000) GENERAL PATIENT CARE (12000) ENVIRONMENTAL (13000) TREATMENT PROTOCOLS (14000) DESTINATION & TRANSPORT (9000) ADMIN POLICIES (3000–6000) SPECIALTY PROGRAMS (4000)
START EXAM →
ICEMA

ICEMA ADULT/PEDS DRUG QUIZ

ADULT & PEDIATRIC ICEMA DRUG DOSE ASSESSMENT
●
DRUGS
●
QUESTIONS
ALS
LEVEL

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF ICEMA ADULT AND PEDIATRIC DRUG DOSES, INDICATIONS, STANDARD ORDERS, AND RELATED PROTOCOL REFERENCES.

ADULT DOSES PEDIATRIC DOSES STANDARD ORDERS REF #11010 ICEMA PROTOCOLS
START QUIZ →
PARAMEDIC PROTOCOLS

ICEMA TREATMENT TEST

PARAMEDIC TREATMENT PROTOCOL MASTERY
●
PROTOCOLS
●
QUESTIONS
ALS
LEVEL

TEST YOUR COMMAND OF PARAMEDIC TREATMENT PROTOCOLS ACROSS MEDICAL, TRAUMA, CARDIAC, AND SPECIAL POPULATIONS. FIELD-READY DECISION-MAKING PRACTICE.

MEDICAL PROTOCOLS TRAUMA CARDIAC OB / PEDS DECISION MAKING
START TEST →
SAN DIEGO COUNTY EMS

SD PROTOCOL EXAM

SAN DIEGO COUNTY EMS PROTOCOLS 2025–2026
70
QUESTIONS
5
SECTIONS
ALS
LEVEL

BUILT FROM SAN DIEGO COUNTY EMS PROTOCOLS FOR 2025–2026. COVERS DRUG DOSAGES, INDICATIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS, SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS, TREATMENT PROTOCOLS, AND EMERGENCY INDICATORS. INSTANT FEEDBACK WITH EXPLANATIONS ON EVERY QUESTION.

DRUG DOSAGES INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS TREATMENT PROTOCOLS EMERGENCY INDICATORS MC / TF / SELECT ALL
START EXAM →
CALIFORNIA EMS LAW

CA TITLE 22 DRUG QUIZ

ALL 29 STATE-MANDATED ALS MEDICATIONS
145
QUESTIONS
29
DRUGS
ALS
LEVEL

COVERS EVERY DRUG ON THE CA TITLE 22 MANDATORY ALS FORMULARY. FIVE QUESTION TYPES PER DRUG: MECHANISM OF ACTION, CLASSIFICATION, DOSING, INDICATIONS, AND CONTRAINDICATIONS. ANSWERS SHUFFLE ON EVERY LOAD.

MECHANISM OF ACTION CLASSIFICATION DOSING INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SHUFFLED ANSWERS CATEGORY FILTER
START QUIZ →
★ NATIONAL REGISTRY

NREMT PARAMEDIC EXAM

FULL-LENGTH CERTIFICATION PRACTICE EXAM — 400Q VERIFIED
400
QUESTIONS
6
DOMAINS
CAT
FORMAT

400 VERIFIED QUESTIONS MIRRORING THE OFFICIAL NREMT CAT FORMAT ACROSS ALL SIX CONTENT DOMAINS. INCLUDES SCENARIO-BASED, MULTI-RESPONSE, AND BUILD LIST ITEM TYPES. DOMAIN WEIGHTS MATCH THE 2024 TEST PLAN EXACTLY.

CLINICAL JUDGMENT MEDICAL / OB / GYN CARDIOLOGY AIRWAY TRAUMA EMS OPERATIONS CAT FORMAT 400Q VERIFIED
START EXAM →
PHARMACOLOGY

HOME MED QUIZ

PARAMEDIC EDITION — GENERIC, BRAND & CLINICAL USE
123
QUESTIONS
6
CATEGORIES
ALS
LEVEL

123-QUESTION QUIZ COVERING GENERIC NAMES, BRAND NAMES, DRUG CLASSES, INDICATIONS, MECHANISMS, AND CLINICAL INTERACTIONS DRAWN FROM REAL-WORLD HOME MEDICATION LISTS — ESSENTIAL FOR PARAMEDIC SCENE SIZE-UP.

GENERIC NAMES BRAND NAMES DRUG CLASSES INDICATIONS MECHANISMS CLINICAL INTERACTIONS
START QUIZ →
▲ CARDIOLOGY
▲

ECG MASTERY QUIZ

THALER 9E · NREMT 2024 · AHA 2025 GUIDELINES
12
SECTIONS
AHA
2025
ALS
LEVEL

COMPREHENSIVE ECG INTERPRETATION EXAM COVERING WAVEFORMS, INTERVALS, DYSRHYTHMIAS, 12-LEAD LOCALIZATION, ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCES, AND ALS TREATMENT PROTOCOLS. BUILT FROM THALER 9E, NREMT 2024, AND AHA 2025 GUIDELINES WITH INSTANT FEEDBACK AND FULL EXPLANATIONS.

ECG BASICS P WAVES QRS COMPLEX ST & T WAVES HEART BLOCKS SVT & AFIB VTACH & VFIB 12-LEAD ELECTROLYTES PULM. EMBOLISM CLINICAL ALS TREATMENT PROTOCOLS
START QUIZ →
CORE CURRICULUM

WHAT YOU'LL MASTER

STRUCTURED CONTENT COVERING EVERY NREMT PARAMEDIC EXAM DOMAIN AND REAL-WORLD ALS PRACTICE.

AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
PARAMEDIC

BVM VENTILATION, AIRWAY ADJUNCTS, RSI, CPAP/BIPAP, AND SURGICAL AIRWAY TECHNIQUES.

  • BVM
  • OPA/NPA
  • RSI
  • CPAP
  • CRIC
CARDIAC EMERGENCIES
PARAMEDIC

12-LEAD ECG, STEMI RECOGNITION, DYSRHYTHMIA MANAGEMENT, CARDIOVERSION AND PACING.

  • 12-LEAD
  • STEMI
  • ACLS
  • CARDIOVERSION
  • PACING
TRAUMA & HEMORRHAGE
PARAMEDIC

BLEEDING CONTROL, SHOCK CLASSIFICATION, TCCC PRINCIPLES, AND SYSTEMATIC TRAUMA ASSESSMENT.

  • TOURNIQUETS
  • WOUND PACKING
  • SHOCK
  • MARCH
  • SPINE
PHARMACOLOGY
PARAMEDIC

DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS, MECHANISMS OF ACTION, DOSING CALCULATIONS, AND THE FULL PARAMEDIC FORMULARY.

  • DRUG MATH
  • EPI
  • AMIODARONE
  • NARCAN
  • ADENOSINE
NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
PARAMEDIC

STROKE RECOGNITION, SEIZURE MANAGEMENT, ALTERED MENTAL STATUS WORKUP, AND GCS SCORING.

  • BE-FAST
  • CINCINNATI
  • GCS
  • SEIZURES
  • ALOC
12-LEAD ECG READING
PARAMEDIC

SYSTEMATIC APPROACH — RATE, RHYTHM, AXIS, BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCKS, STEMI LOCALIZATION, AND EQUIVALENTS.

  • AXIS
  • BBB
  • STEMI
  • AV BLOCKS
  • WPW
RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
PARAMEDIC

ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA, COPD, PNEUMOTHORAX, PULMONARY EMBOLISM, AND RESPIRATORY FAILURE.

  • ASTHMA
  • COPD
  • PNEUMOTHORAX
  • PE
  • ALBUTEROL
PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES
PARAMEDIC

PAT, PEDIATRIC ANATOMY DIFFERENCES, WEIGHT-BASED DOSING WITH BROSELOW TAPE, AND COMMON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES.

  • PAT
  • BROSELOW
  • PEDS AIRWAY
  • FEBRILE SZ
  • CROUP
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
PARAMEDIC

DIABETIC EMERGENCIES, SEPSIS, TOXICOLOGY, ALLERGIC REACTIONS, OB EMERGENCIES, AND RENAL FAILURE.

  • DKA
  • SEPSIS
  • ANAPHYLAXIS
  • OB
  • TOXIDROME
🧬
PARAMEDIC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PARAMEDIC

HIGH-YIELD DISEASE PROCESSES, COMPENSATION, SHOCK STATES, RESPIRATORY FAILURE, CARDIAC PATHOLOGY, AND SYSTEM-BASED REVIEW.

  • SHOCK
  • CELL INJURY
  • ACID-BASE
  • CARDIAC
  • RESPIRATORY
🩺
WHY MEDICAL CONDITIONS
PARAMEDIC

83 CONDITIONS EXPLAINED IN PLAIN ENGLISH — WHY IT HAPPENS, WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE BODY, AND WHO GETS IT. 13 BODY SYSTEMS WITH SEARCH AND FILTER.

  • 83 CONDITIONS
  • 13 SYSTEMS
  • ARRHYTHMIA
  • TRAUMA
  • NEURO
PRACTICE QUESTIONS

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

PARAMEDIC-LEVEL NREMT-STYLE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES. FILTER BY TOPIC AND TRACK YOUR SCORE.

0 ANSWERED
LOADING...
—
SCORE
0
CORRECT
0
WRONG
FILTER BY TOPIC
RHYTHM RECOGNITION

ECG PRACTICE

IDENTIFY CARDIAC RHYTHMS FROM LIVE-DRAWN STRIPS AND SCORE YOUR INTERPRETATION ACCURACY.

SELECT THE CORRECT RHYTHM BELOW
—
0
CORRECT
0
TOTAL
SYSTEMATIC ECG APPROACH
  • 1
    RATE

    COUNT R-R INTERVALS OR USE 300 RULE: 300 ÷ LARGE BOXES

  • 2
    RHYTHM

    REGULAR VS IRREGULAR? MARCH OUT P WAVES WITH CALIPERS

  • 3
    P WAVES

    PRESENT? UPRIGHT IN II? ONE P BEFORE EACH QRS?

  • 4
    PR INTERVAL

    NORMAL 120–200MS (3–5 SMALL BOXES). PROLONGED = BLOCK

  • 5
    QRS WIDTH

    NORMAL <120MS (3 SMALL BOXES). WIDE = BUNDLE BRANCH OR VENTRICULAR ORIGIN

  • 6
    INTERPRETATION

    NAME THE RHYTHM. THEN: RATE, REGULARITY, ORIGIN, CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

LIVE MONITOR SIMULATION

ZOLL X SERIES MONITOR

SIMULATED PATIENT MONITOR WITH LIVE WAVEFORMS AND COLOR-CODED VITALS — JUST LIKE THE REAL DEVICE IN THE FIELD.

ZOLL
X SERIES · ISIMULATE TRAINING UNIT
—
ADULT LEAD II
100%
00:00:00
II
CO₂
SPO₂
RHYTHM
NSR
TEMP °C
36.9
SYNC
OFF
PACE
OFF
MODE
MONITOR
HR BPM
76
NIBP MMHG
122/78
(93)
ETCO₂ MMHG
38
BR 14
SPO₂ %
98
PACER
ANALYZE
ENERGY
SELECT
CHARGE
SHOCK
OPEN FULL ZOLL SIMULATOR →
QUICK REFERENCE

FIELD REFERENCE

CRITICAL VALUES, DRUG DOSES, AND ENERGY SETTINGS AT A GLANCE. ALWAYS FOLLOW YOUR LOCAL MEDICAL DIRECTOR'S PROTOCOLS.

CARDIAC ARREST DRUGS
DRUGDOSEROUTE
EPINEPHRINE1 MG Q3–5 MINIV/IO
AMIODARONE300 MG RAPID PUSH; 150 MG ×1IV/IO
LIDOCAINE1–1.5 MG/KGIV/IO
MAGNESIUM1–2 G (TORSADES)IV SLOW
DEFIBRILLATION & CARDIOVERSION
PROCEDUREENERGY
DEFIBRILLATION (VF/PVT)200J BIPHASIC / 360J MONO
CARDIOVERSION — SVT50–100J
CARDIOVERSION — A-FIB120–200J
CARDIOVERSION — A-FLUTTER50–100J
CARDIOVERSION — VT (PULSE)100J
CRITICAL VALUES
PARAMETERVALUE
NORMAL ETCO₂35–45 MMHG
ROSC ETCO₂ SPIKESUDDEN RISE → CHECK PULSE
CPR RATE100–120 /MIN
COMPRESSION DEPTH≥2 IN (5 CM)
POST-ROSC SPO₂94–99% (AVOID 100%)
COPD O₂ TARGET88–92% SPO₂
NITRO MIN SBP>90 MMHG
KEY DRUG DOSES
DRUGDOSENOTE
ADENOSINE (SVT)6 MG RAPID IVP12 MG ×2 IF NEEDED
ATROPINE (BRADY)0.5 MG IV; MAX 3 MGMIN 0.5 MG DOSE
EPI (ANAPHYLAXIS)0.3–0.5 MG IM1:1,000 LAT. THIGH
ASPIRIN (ACS)324 MG PO CHEWEDNO GI BLEED / ALLERGY
NALOXONE0.4–2 MGIN/IM/IV; RE-DOSE PRN
DEXTROSE 50%25 G (50 ML D50W)GLUCAGON 1 MG IM IF NO IV
AIRWAY QUICK REFERENCE
PARAMETERVALUE
SUCTION — ADULT≤15 SECONDS
SUCTION — CHILD≤10 SECONDS
SUCTION — INFANT≤5 SECONDS
ADULT VENT RATE (ETT)10–12 BPM
ETT SIZE FORMULA(AGE ÷ 4) + 4
ASTHMA VENT RATE6–8 BPM (I:E 1:3+)
ETT CONFIRMATIONWAVEFORM CAPNOGRAPHY
NEVER / ALWAYS RULES
NEVER
TONGUE DEPRESSOR IN EPIGLOTTITIS
ADENOSINE FOR IRREGULAR OR WIDE-COMPLEX TACHYCARDIA
NITRO WITH RV INFARCT OR PDE-5 INHIBITORS
DEFIBRILLATE PEA OR ASYSTOLE
NALOXONE BEFORE BVM IN OPIOID OD
ALWAYS
BLS BEFORE ALS
CHECK V4R BEFORE NITRO IN INFERIOR STEMI
CONFIRM ETT WITH WAVEFORM CAPNOGRAPHY
RESUME CPR IMMEDIATELY AFTER DEFIBRILLATION

EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY. ALWAYS FOLLOW YOUR LOCAL MEDICAL DIRECTOR'S PROTOCOLS AND STANDING ORDERS.

DOSING TOOL

DRUG CALCULATOR

WEIGHT-BASED DOSING CALCULATIONS FOR COMMON EMS MEDICATIONS. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE — ALWAYS VERIFY WITH LOCAL PROTOCOLS.

PATIENT & DRUG INPUT
CALCULATED DOSING
ENTER WEIGHT AND SELECT A DRUG TO CALCULATE
STUDY TOOLS

LEARNING RESOURCES

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO PASS YOUR BOARDS AND BE READY IN THE FIELD.

NREMT PRACTICE EXAMS
ADAPTIVE NREMT-STYLE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWER RATIONALES AND TOPIC FILTERS.
100+ QUESTIONS
DRUG DOSAGE CALCULATOR
WEIGHT-BASED DOSING FOR 15+ COMMON EMS DRUGS. ADULT AND PEDIATRIC CALCULATIONS.
FREE TOOL
SPECIALTY STUDY MODULES
DEEP-DIVE PAGES FOR AIRWAY, CARDIOLOGY, TRAUMA, MEDICAL, AND OB/PEDS.
5 MODULES
🧬
PARAMEDIC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GUIDE
SEARCHABLE PARAMEDIC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW WITH MEDICAL AND PLAIN-ENGLISH EXPLANATION MODES.
STUDY GUIDE
TOPIC CURRICULUM
9 CORE EMS TOPICS FROM AIRWAY TO PEDIATRICS, FILTERABLE BY CERTIFICATION LEVEL.
9 TOPICS

READY TO RESPOND?

STUDY SMARTER, PRACTICE HARDER, AND BE READY WHEN IT COUNTS.

TAKE AN EXAM NOW →
BALL KNOWLEDGE MEDICS

ABOUT THE CREATOR

Edwin Elizondo — Founder of Ball Knowledge Medics

Edwin Elizondo

CREATOR & CEO — BALL KNOWLEDGE MEDICS

My name is Edwin Elizondo, creator and CEO of Ball Knowledge Medics.

I am a U.S. Army veteran who, like many veterans, struggled to find a new sense of purpose after leaving the service. After my contract ended, I spent about a year feeling unsure of what direction my life was heading. That changed when I found EMS. Through emergency medical services, I rediscovered my purpose, my motivation, and a passion for helping others. For the first time in a long time, I can honestly say that I am happy and proud of the path I am on.

I created Ball Knowledge Medics with one mission in mind: to provide a free educational platform for anyone interested in medic school, preparing to start medic school, or currently enrolled. My goal is to make learning easier, more approachable, and less overwhelming for students who may feel like the material is too complicated or out of reach.

I was never the strongest student in school, and that is part of what makes this platform so important to me. I understand what it feels like to struggle academically, to doubt yourself, and to feel like certain goals are harder to reach than they should be. After leaving the military, I realized that going back to school was necessary for me to achieve my goals, and that experience taught me the value of having study tools that are simple, practical, and easy to understand.

Through Ball Knowledge Medics, I hope to help others build confidence, strengthen their knowledge, and succeed in their journey through medic school. Information is often made more complicated than it needs to be, and my goal is to break it down in a way that makes sense.

Thank you for visiting and supporting Ball Knowledge Medics. Please feel free to reach out to me through my social media accounts.

📷 Instagram@edwinnelizondo ✉ Gmailedelizondo44@gmail.com